Advaita Vedanta has been called "idealistic monism" by scholars, but some disagree with this label. Transpersonal therapy focuses on the Essential Self. Together with Gerald Heard, Christopher Isherwood, and other followers he was initiated by the Swami and was taught meditation and spiritual practices. Even conventionally, elephantlessness does not exist. Computer science is the study of algorithmic processes, computational machines and computation itself. Unitarian Universalism had a strong impact on Ram Mohan Roy and the Brahmo Samaj, and subsequently on Swami Vivekananda. Different theories and concepts which can be linked to nonduality are taught in a wide variety of religious traditions. [271] Ram Mohan Roy (1772-1833), the founder of the Brahmo Samaj, had a strong sympathy for the Unitarians,[272] who were closely connected to the Transcendentalists, who in turn were interested in and influenced by Indian religions early on. [72], Advaita Vedanta adopts sublation as the criterion to postulate three levels of ontological reality:[73][74]. Deussen, Paul and Geden, A. S. The Philosophy of the Upanishads. [113] These include Vedanta, Samkhya, Patanjali Yoga and Nyayas, and various Buddhist schools, including Yogacara and Madhyamika,[113] but also Tantra and the Nath-tradition.[114]. It had a strong influence on western mysticism. In Thomist thought, even the Tetragrammaton is only an approximate name, since "I am" involves a predicate whose own essence is its subject. Purusha). "Some call it the name Tathagata-garbha or "the embryo of Buddhahood. [249][250] Another formula for repetition is the name of Jesus. [186] In this theory, the absolute is essence, the relative is function. Taoism's wu wei (Chinese wu, not; wei, doing) is a term with various translations (e.g. "Advaita" (अद्वैत) is from Sanskrit roots a, not; dvaita, dual, and is usually translated as "nondualism", "nonduality" and "nondual". Dzogchen is concerned with the "natural state" and emphasizes direct experience. A newcomer to nonduality will invariably find this idea dangerous and threatening, but think about what science tells us: Touch a hard surface, and what you're touching is really mostly empty space. [web 14][note 16] Susan Kahn further explains: Ultimate truth does not point to a transcendent reality, but to the transcendence of deception. [96] Ramakrishna regarded the Supreme Being to be both Personal and Impersonal, active and inactive: When I think of the Supreme Being as inactive – neither creating nor preserving nor destroying – I call Him Brahman or Purusha, the Impersonal God. [152][156][158] This is another sense in which reality can be said to be non-dual, because it is "consciousness-only". Apart from Hinduism and Buddhism, self-proclaimed nondualists have also discerned nondualism in other religious traditions. Science is what we do to find out about the natural world. P. 86. [262] It marked a growing interest in Indian culture and languages. Science and Nonduality Conference 2014, San José, California Ilona Palucki presents her work on psycho-cybernetic entanglements of sexual abuse (poster). Hamar, Imre (Editor). [web 20] It attempts to create "a worldview that includes both science and spirituality"[293] and embraces a number of forms of mainstream science as well as other forms of science that are considered fringe. [251][252] or the Jesus Prayer, which has been called "the mantra of the Orthodox Church",[250] although the term "Jesus Prayer" is not found in the Fathers of the Church. [260] Agostino Steuco (1497–1548) coined the term philosophia perennis. [152], In the Mahayana tradition of Yogācāra (Skt; "yoga practice"), adyava (Tibetan: gnyis med) refers to overcoming the conceptual and perceptual dichotomies of cognizer and cognized, or subject and object. The Tiantai school for example, taught a threefold truth, instead of the classic "two truths" of Indian Madhyamaka. Lai, Whalen (1979). SCIENCE & NONDUALITY Talk: "Mirror, mirror on the wall, What’s perception after all?" Lecture: Science and Non-duality Conference (SAND), San Jose, CA 2013. This tradition is found in the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism, where it is classified as the highest of this lineage's nine yanas, or vehicles of practice.