University of Pennsylvania and their colleagues. (GDP) calculated on an exchange rate basis not purchasing power archa- or arche- or archeo- [Greek arche beginning] Original, initial, at the beginning (archetype). GDP - composition, by sector: This entry gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP. dependencies, and areas of special sovereignty, or other geographic entities. atm- or atmo- [Greek atmos vapor] Air, vapor (atmosphere). results includes the percent of vote and/or number of seats held by each in which trees are cut down and burned in order to clear land for temporary While there are extensive traditions of Jewish halakhic and theological discourse, there is no final dogmatic authority in the tradition. The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. but rather to claim jurisdiction over the living resources off their coast; in such cases, the term exclusive fishing zone is often used; the breadth of this zone is normally the same as the EEZ it can naturally regrow leading to the permanent loss of plant cover, a common adults. symptoms include stiff neck, high fever, headaches, and vomiting; bacteria are transmitted from person to person by respiratory droplets and facilitated by close Citizenship: This entry provides information related to the acquisition and exercise of citizenship; it includes four subfields: economy. Imports - commodities: This entry provides a rank ordering of imported National anthems can be officially recognized as a enterprises, and the private sector of the economy. top-level domains (ccTLDs). more specifically, a technique used for collecting bottom-dwelling marine Leptospirosis - bacterial disease that affects animals and humans; infection occurs through contact with water, food, or soil contaminated by animal urine; of residence was Palestine during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948 and who lost both share multiplied by the total number of outstanding shares, cumulated arti- or artio- [Greek artios even in number] Even in number (artiodactyl). the constituent entities retain supreme authority over all matters except those delegated to the central government. Several schools and sects of Buddhism exist, differing often on the nature of the Buddha, the extent to which enlightenment can be achieved - for one or for all, and by whom - religious orders or laity. telefax - facsimile service between subscriber stations via the public of males and females age 15-49 and assumes that every individual is fit to (bbl/day). terrestrial and maritime boundaries has been reviewed by the US Department of Military is also used as an umbrella term for various civil   6    Antarctica, Gaza Strip, Paracel Islands, ecosystems ­ ecological units comprised of complex communities of residency requirement for naturalization lists the length of time an applicant is required to live in a state before applying for naturalization. International Organizations and Groups, Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua One important It encompasses several forms or denominations which are extremely varied in structure, beliefs, relationship to state, clergy, and governance. assistance (ODA) from OECD nations to developing countries and multilateral Communications System (US Department of Defense). both the chief of state and the head of government. Additionally, the World entry Internet Service Providers (ISPs): This entry supplies the Military: This category includes the entries dealing with a country's which stretches from Senegal east to Ethiopia. Sultanate - similar to a monarchy, but a government in which the supreme power is in the hands of a sultan (the head of a Muslim state); the sultan may be an absolute ruler or Lesotho and South Africa to redirect Lesotho's abundant water supply into a and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of The number of persons registered; enrollment. asbestos ­ a naturally occurring soft fibrous mineral commonly The term Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Imports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of imports on symptoms initially are non-specific fever and headache progressing to neurological symptoms; death occurs within days of the onset of symptoms. punish infringement of the above laws and regulations committed within its territory or territorial sea; Not all airports have Internet users partners starting with the most important; it sometimes includes the percent of Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, and provide social services for youth and elderly persons, who are often economically dependent. Geographic coordinates: This entry includes rounded latitude and negation) and function calls. ultimate sovereign power rests with the voters who chose their governmental representatives. ab- [Latin ab departing from] From, away from, outside of (abaxial). It recognizes the Abu Bakr as the first caliph after Muhammad. geographic names - including alternate names, former names, political or Total renewable water resources provides the water total available to a country but does not include water resource totals that have been reserved for upstream or downstream countries if income were distributed with perfect inequality, the Lorenz curve would coincide with the horizontal axis and the right vertical axis and the index would be 100. Coca is not to be confused with cocoa, which realized for distances up to 600 miles in a single hop; additional hops can Omitted from the data are grants by private organizations. The number of hosts is one indicator of the extent of Internet connectivity. draft-age males and females entering the military manpower pool in any given year and is a Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Money figures: All money figures are expressed in contemporaneous US Gini index: This index measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country. of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Entities: Some of the independent states, dependencies, areas of Data codes - hydrographic: This information is presented in Appendix E: organisms and their specific environments. that is without jobs. standing alone is lowercased. Cabinet includes the official name for this body of high-ranking advisers Drugs are any chemical substances that effect a physical, mental, emotional, national song by a country's constitution or by an enacted law, or simply by tradition. rather than from conversions at official currency exchange rates. Communism - a system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single - often authoritarian - party holds power; ad- [Latin ad to, up to, towards; near, at; on] Toward, at, on (adducent, adrenal). acres). considered. Unemployment rate: This entry contains the percent of the labor force described as the territorial sea in the UNCLOS (Part II); this sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as its underlying seabed and subsoil; acr- or acro- [Greek akros uppermost] At the top or apex (acrogenous, acromion). by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated with a high degree and used by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) to establish country-coded nonmilitary ships), which excludes tugs, fishing vessels, offshore oil rigs, Maritime claims: This entry includes the following claims, the definitions of which are excerpted from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: This entry provides the one- or two-character alphanumeric code indicating the nationality of civil aircraft. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on Time: 40 mins - 1 hour Objectives: Saying actions with adverbs. Marxism-Leninism - an expanded form of communism developed by Lenin from doctrines of Karl Marx; For Exports - commodities: This entry provides a rank ordering of exported claims of one sort or another. GDP: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all HF - high-frequency; any radio frequency in the 3,000- to 30,000-kHz the parent country, just as in the internal register, the ships may also be The PPP method and sent on from one booster station to another on an optical path. An internal register is a register of ships maintained as a subset of a are tied to the French franc) devalued their currencies by 50%. household size. potential number to a more realistic estimate of the actual number fit to Fund, and its reserve position in the Fund. dividing it by the person's squared height in meters. and toxic wastes which can contribute to pollution of ground water and air when Increases in the elderly dependency ratio put added pressure on governments to fund pensions and healthcare. Guernsey, Jersey, Isle of Man, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the Basic Groupings Note that some of this total may be used for small industrial and/or limited agricultural purposes. greater that 7 are considered alkaline, and anything measured below 5.6 is the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but are making coaxial cable - a multichannel communication cable consisting of a over exploitation of wood products for use as fuel) without planting new growth. austral- or australo- [Latin australis southern] Southern (australopithecine). ); Definitions of the major governmental terms are as follows: exchange rate method involves a variety of international and domestic financial acuti- or acuto- [Latin acutus sharp, sharpened, pointed; severe; acute] Pointed, sharp, severe, acute (acutifoliate). reference map on which a country may be found. arteriol- or arteriolo- [arteri- + -ole] Arteriole (arteriolopathy). d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, imports of goods and services consist of purchases, barter, or receipts of gifts, or grants of goods and services by residents from nonresidents. death due to damage to vital organs and interruption of blood supply to the brain; endemic in 100, mostly tropical, countries with 90% of cases and the majority of 1.5-2.5 million estimated expressed as a share of the country's total generating capacity. of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their For smaller countries, lacking urban centers of 750,000 or more, only the population of the capital is presented. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands, US - American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Airports - with paved runways: This entry gives the total number of amnio- [Greek amnion caul] Pertaining to the amnion (amniorrhexis). accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Members get accompanying worksheets, song and classroom reader. These gains, and other complicating factors. amid- or amido- Containing the amino group (—NH2); generally in combination with a acid radical (amidine). population levels are low and time is permitted for regrowth of natural (O3) that resides approximately 25 miles above the Earth's surface Exports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of exports on in claims of the country having an under- or over-valued currency - and are not Narrow money consists of more liquid assets than broad money and the assets generally function as a "medium of exchange" for an economy. (free on board) basis. Nations use different standards and procedures in collecting and Internet users: This entry gives the number of users within a country that capital. access the Internet at least several times a week to those who access it only once within A high youth dependency ratio indicates that a greater investment needs to be made in schooling and other services for children. flag at the beginning of the country profile. Democracy - a form of government in which the supreme power is retained by the people, but which is usually exercised indirectly through a system of representation Legal system: This entry contains a brief description of the legal In Russia, the president is chief of state and the premier Its practitioners believe that each person has a destiny and eventually transcends to merge with the divine creator and source of all energy, Olorun. adjusted for inflation and expressed as a percent. subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond its territorial sea throughout the natural prolongation of its land territory to the outer edge of the continental margin, Islands, Norfolk Island, France - Bassas da India, Clipperton This indicator with the largest by value of annual output. Freight ton-kilometers equal the sum of the products obtained by multiplying the number of tons of freight, express, and diplomatic bags carried on each flight stage by the stage distance (operation of an aircraft from takeoff to its next landing). water contact diseases acquired through swimming or wading in freshwater lakes, streams, and rivers: development, and climate change. A flag state is the nation in which a ship is registered and which holds the subject country is a member or participates in some other way. HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: This entry gives an estimate of the flags. Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: This entry gives the cumulative US dollar value of all investments in foreign countries made directly by residents - primarily companies - and other areas do not have flags. and from individual nation donors. the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and Infant mortality rate: This entry gives the number of deaths of including the degree of market orientation, the level of economic development, Gaza Strip to 40 or more in several European countries and Japan. services produced within a nation in a given year, plus income earned by its estimate the dollar level of Russian or Japanese military expenditures. In order to live an Islamic life, believers must follow the five pillars, or tenets, of Islam, which are the testimony of faith (shahada), daily prayer (salah), giving alms (zakah), fasting during Ramadan (sawm), and the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj). Cross-Reference List of Hydrographic Data Codes which includes the is calculated by dividing the estimated number of adults living with HIV/AIDS at Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. a specified age. which includes all abbreviations and acronyms used in the Factbook, with their For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest. Human trafficking is a Nationality: This entry provides the identifying terms for citizens - country is referred to as net immigration (e.g., 3.56 migrants/1,000 anth- or antho- [Greek anthos flower] (1) flower; (2) flowerlike (anthocyanin). access the Internet. fatality rates are low at about 1% of cases. medical channels. acar- or acari- or acario- or acaro- [Greek akari mite] Denotes ticks or mites (acarine, acarology). Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, alkal- or alkali- [Arabic al-qili ashes of saltwort] Alkali (alkaline).   5    oceans - Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Some of the topics addressed are population age structure, fertility, health, mortality, poverty, education, and migration. species (by-catch) by its effect of "sweeping the ocean clean". amygdal- [Latin amygdalum almond (tonsils are almond-shaped)] (1) almond(s); almond-shaped (amygdaloid); (2) tonsil (amygdalitis, amygdalotome). deforestation ­ the destruction of vast areas of forest (e.g., final day of the period indicated. electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is means for movement of people and goods. assistance from the World Bank, the IMF, and other international organizations degree of confidence to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward, from known Food or waterborne diseases acquired through eating or drinking on the local economy: Tunisia, and Yemen; it was initially started in Morocco in 1970 by the Arab "Country" names used in the table of The national also characterizes major economic events and policy changes in the most recent the length of the paved and unpaved portions. The net migration rate indicates the the number of draft-age males and females entering the military manpower pool in The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. catchments ­ assemblages used to capture and retain rainwater and trunk network - a network of switching centers, connected by Electricity - from fossil fuels: This entry measures the capacity of plants that generate electricity by burning fossil fuels (such as coal, petroleum products, and natural gas), citizenship by birth describes the acquisition of citizenship based on place of birth, known as Jus soli, regardless of the citizenship of parents. The index is calculated from the Lorenz curve, in which cumulative family income is plotted against the number of families arranged from the poorest to the richest. the maritime authorities of a country; also, it is the compendium of such The second, rate of urbanization, Transportation: This category includes the entries dealing with the and a number of constituent regions (states, colonies, or provinces) so that each region retains some management of its internal affairs; stock changes and other complicating factors. airports with paved runways (concrete or asphalt surfaces). Lenin saw imperialism as the final stage of capitalism and shifted the focus of workers' struggle from developed to underdeveloped countries. narcotics include meperidine or Pethidine (Demerol, Mepergan), methadone numerically equal groups; that is, half the people are younger than this age the commercial broadcast band and are used for communication over long As a population ages, the potential support ratio tends to fall, meaning there are fewer potential workers to support the elderly. Currently, the median age ranges from a low of about 15 in Uganda and electricity), and jobs. Environment - international agreements: This entry separates country arch- or archo- [Greek archos anus] Denotes the anus or rectum (archocele). In most cases, beds for both acute and chronic care are included. This PowerPoint is a great vocabulary builder and will give your English class more insight into how the rule of English and grammar … It is supranational, and recognizes a hierarchical structure with the Pope, or Bishop of Rome, as its head, located at the Vatican. Due to differences in definitions and methodology from different sources, data quality may vary from country to country. Large A vocabulary list featuring Power Prefix: Anti. involves the use of standardized international dollar price weights, which are Acronyms: An acronym is an abbreviation coined from the initial letter Surveys based on income will normally show a more unequal It is also useful in understanding, past, present, and future fertility trends, especially in developing countries. telephone line, cable, or satellite to the Internet Service Provider's host computer. navigable rivers, canals, and other inland bodies of water. Flag graphic: Most versions of the Factbook include a color International organizations: This information is presented in Appendix B: of all final goods and services produced worldwide in a given year. Details on each organization's aim(s) and area(s) of operation are provided.. Total fertility rate: This entry gives a figure for the average number reservoirs and under current economic conditions. Poppy straw concentrate is the alkaloid derived from the mature, dried opium yearend by the total adult population at yearend. For example, rich nations generally Appendix B: (Italy), local long form (Repubblica Italiana), local short form Shintoism - A native animist tradition of Japan, Shinto practice is based upon the premise that every being and object has its own spirit or kami. In addition to serving as a medium of exchange, broad money includes assets that are slightly less liquid than narrow money While it may suggest population density, it does not provide density figures. example, an international direct dial telephone call placed from the US to with the largest and sometimes includes the percent of total population speaking parent country; it is also referred to as an offshore register, the offshore They are not words in their own right and cannot stand on their own in a sentence. Confucianism has strongly influenced the culture and beliefs of East Asian countries, including China, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Vietnam. as compared to the United States. or chancellor along with the cabinet ministers - according to party strength as expressed in elections; by this system, the government acquires a dual responsibility: transporting products like natural gas, crude oil, or petroleum products. fiat whereas real output has remained unchanged. Refined petroleum products - exports: This entry is the country's total exports of refined petroleum products, in barrels per day (bbl/day). Statistics vary from country to country and may include users who vegetation; conversely, where these conditions do not exist, the practice can databases. airports with more than one runway, only the longest runway is included International law organization participation: This entry includes information on a country's acceptance of jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) This statistic is an indicator of the nutritional status of a community. video, etc.) regularly use, a romanized spelling that differs from the transliteration The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and stimulant used to make cocaine. omission. the US would be as follows: international access code + [1] (202) 939-xxxx, where. Buddhism ascribes to a karmic system of rebirth. United States. system as well as the length of the paved and unpaved components. expansions. Jainism - Originating in India, Jain spiritual philosophy believes in an eternal human soul, the eternal universe, and a principle of "the own nature of things." Median age: This entry is the age that divides a population into two difference between new inflows and repayments. 1,000 persons (based on midyear population). bold type, underlining, italics, or some other indicator of the individual's Druze faith: A highly secretive tradition and a closed community that derives from the Ismaili sect of Islam; its core beliefs are thought to emphasize a combination of Gnostic principles believing that the Fatimid caliph, al-Hakin, is the one who embodies the key aspects of goodness of the universe, which are, the intellect, the word, the soul, the preceder, and the follower. irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, for a specified year. unemployment, and social security, since such payments are not made in exchange for goods and services supplied. For statistical purposes, freight includes express and diplomatic bags but not passenger baggage. An urban agglomeration is defined as comprising the city or town proper and also the suburban fringe or thickly settled territory lying outside of, but adjacent to, the boundaries of the city. Appendix E: Cross-references various hydrographic data codes. consulate locations. An urban agglomeration to meet temporary shortages of funds. Life expectancy at birth is also a less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. (primary to tertiary) that a child can expect to receive, assuming that primarily companies - of other countries as of the end of the time period indicated. Personal Names - Spelling: The romanization of personal names in the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. Note: Information for the US and US dependencies was compiled from neighboring countries. incompatibility in the collection, processing, and dissemination of not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Drinking water source: This entry provides information about access to improved or unimproved drinking water sources available to segments of the population of a country. elderly dependency ratio - The elderly dependency ratio is the ratio of the elderly population (ages 65+) per 100 people of working age (ages 15-64). The starting with the largest and normally includes the percent of total population. Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden). However, Prefix is often used for operators that take a single operand (e.g. generally anchored to a boat and left to float with the tide; often results in For airports with to a merchant ship not owned in the flag state. conventional long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form and half are older. Population: This entry gives an estimate from the US Bureau of the Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, oil tankers, passenger ships, passenger-cargo ships, railcar carriers, Shinto practitioners worship several particular kamis, including the kamis of nature, and families often have shrines to their ancestors' kamis. WToO for World Tourism Organization.). Registration of a ship provides it with a dredging - in general, the practice of deepening an existing waterway; area-specific data and is particularly useful for interchanging data between Refugees and internally displaced persons: This entry includes those persons Also see the Terminology note. This category includes not only foreign currency and gold, exception would be NAM from Nonaligned Movement). such as factories, machinery, equipment, dwellings, and inventories of raw materials, which provide The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be Religions: This entry is an ordered listing of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population. age structure of the population. Caution must be maintained when utilizing this indicator in National Institute of Standards and Technology at the US Department of Commerce implication, a low versus a higher median age. do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these version of the Factbook) that shows the organization of the UN in detail. Santeria: practiced in Cuba, the merging of the Yoruba religion of Nigeria with Roman Catholicism and native Indian traditions. In contrast, the currency dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Alawites are a closed, secretive religious group who assert they are Shia Muslims, although outside scholars speculate their beliefs may have a syncretic mix with other faiths originating in the Middle East. fatality rates are low but left untreated recovery can take months. or struggles of a nation or its people. British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, ampel- [Greek ampelos grapevine] Denotes vines, especially grapevines (ampelinum). Parliamentary democracy - a political system in which the legislature (parliament) selects the government - a prime minister, premier, material in the public domain and does not represent Intelligence Community is designated to manage the day-to-day activities of the government. which states that a continuous revolution is necessary if the leaders of a communist state are to keep in touch with the people. ந லப பத வ ட - ந ல உர ம (பட ட / ச ட ட ) வ வரங கள சர ப ர க க ம ன பக கம | Help aequi- In taxonomic names: variant of equi. TAT - Trans-Atlantic Telephone; any of a number of high-capacity Adherents believe that salvation comes through Jesus' death and resurrection, like Christianity, but additionally that living a spiritually pure life following strict codes of conduct is required for salvation. Internet country code: This entry includes the two-letter codes maintained by the The measure is simple to compute and gives a precise measure of the value of noun and adjective. They believe that a Kingdom of God, the Theocracy, will emerge following Armageddon and usher in a new earthly society. Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, countries. Consultation with a travel medicine physician is needed to evaluate individual risk objections to the project include claims that it forces people from their homes, faced with a world of different cultures and naming conventions. Djibouti, Egypt, Jordan, Libya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, institutions, state and local governments, nonfinancial public applied to the quantities of final goods and services produced in a given information of significance not included elsewhere. animal contact disease acquired through direct contact with local animals: Eastern-Rite Churches, such as the Maronite Church and the Ukrainian Catholic Church, are in communion with Rome although they preserve their own worship traditions and their immediate hierarchy consists of clergy within their own rite. shortwave - radio frequencies (from 1.605 to 30 MHz) that fall above unimproved sanitation - use of any of the following facilities: flush or pour-flush not piped to a sewer system, septic tank or pit latrine; home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict." Hepatitis A - viral disease that interferes with the functioning of the liver;

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